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Stanley Kubrick
July 26, 1928 – March 7, 1999
Stanley Kubrick was an American film director, screenwriter,
producer, cinematographer, and editor who worked predominantly
in the United Kingdom. He was part of the New Hollywood film-
making wave is regarded as one of the greatest and most
influential directors of all time.
He was born on July 26, 1928, in The Bronx, New York City, the
first of two children to Jewish parents. His films, typically
adaptations of novels or short stories, are noted for their
"dazzling" and unique cinematography, attention to detail in the
service of realism, and the evocative use of music. Kubrick's films
covered a variety of genres, including war, crime, literary
adaptations, romance, black comedies, horror, epic and science
fiction. Kubrick was also noted for being a demanding
perfectionist, using painstaking care with scene staging, camera-
work and coordinating extremely closely both with his actors and
his off-screen collaborators.
Starting out as a photographer in New York City, Kubrick taught
himself all aspects of film production and directing after
graduating from high school. His earliest films were made on a
tight budget, followed by the Hollywood blockbuster, Spartacus;
he spent most of the rest of his career living and filming in the
United Kingdom. His home near London became his workplace
where he did his writing, research, editing and management of
production details. This allowed him to have almost complete
artistic control of his films, but with the rare advantage of having
financial support from major Hollywood studios.
Many of his films broke new ground in cinematography, including
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), a science-fiction film which
director Steven Spielberg called his generation's "big bang", with
innovative visual effects and scientific realism. For Barry Lyndon
(1975), Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA in
order to film scenes under natural candlelight and The Shining
(1980) was among the first feature films to make use of a
Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots. As with his
earlier shorts, Kubrick was the cinematographer and editor on the
first two of his thirteen feature films. He directed, produced and
wrote all or part of the screenplays for nearly all his films.
While some of Kubrick's films were controversial with initially
mixed reviews, such as Paths of Glory (1957), Lolita (1962), and
A Clockwork Orange (1971), most of his films were nominated for
Oscars, Golden Globes or BAFTAs. Film historian Michel Ciment
considers his films to be "among the most important
contributions to world cinema in the twentieth century" while
director Norman Jewison calls him one of the "great masters"
that America has produced
Quick facts
Born
July 26, 1928
The Bronx, New York City, U.S
Died
March 7, 1999 (aged 70)
St Albans, Hertfordshire, England
Cause of death
Heart attack
Occupation
Film director,
producer, screenwriter,
cinematographer, editor
Years active
1951–1999
Spouse(s)
Toba Etta Metz
(1948–51; divorced)
Ruth Sobotka (1954–57;
divorced)
Christiane Harlan (1958–99; his
death)