The Stanley Kubrick Website (unofficial website)
Early years
Kubrick's family and many critics felt that his Jewish ancestry may have
contributed to his worldview and aspects of his films. After his death, both his
daughter and wife stated that although he was not religious, "he did not deny his
Jewishness, not at all". His daughter noted that he wanted to make a film about
the Holocaust, to have been called Aryan Papers, having spent years researching
the subject.
Most of his friends and early photography and film collaborators were Jewish, and
his first two marriages were to daughters of recent Jewish immigrants from
Europe. British screenwriter Frederic Raphael, who worked closely with Kubrick in
his final years, believes that the originality of Kubrick's films was partly because
he "had a (Jewish?) respect for scholars". He said that it was "absurd to try to
understand Stanley Kubrick without reckoning on Jewishness as a fundamental
aspect of his mentality".
Cinematography
Walker notes that Kubrick was influenced by the tracking and "fluid camera" styles
of director Max Ophüls, and used them in many of his films, including Paths of
Glory and 2001: A Space Odyssey. Kubrick noted how in Ophuls' films "the camera
went through every wall and every floor". He once named Ophüls' Le Plaisir as his
favorite film. According to film historian John Wakeman, Ophüls himself learned
the technique from director Anatole Litvak in the 1930s, when he was his
assistant, and whose work was "replete with the camera trackings, pans and
swoops which later became the trademark of Max Ophuls".
Film critic Robert Kolker sees the influence of Welles' moving camera shots on
Kubrick's style. LoBrutto notes that Kubrick identified with Welles and influenced
the making of The Killing, with its "multiple points of view, extreme angles, and
deep focus".
Stories and writing
Kubrick adapted all but his first two full-length films from existing novels or short
stories. Many of the subjects Kubrick used for his films came to him
unintentionally and indirectly, from books, newspapers, and talking with friends
about various topics. Once he found a subject that interested him, however, "he
devoured all relevant material" he could find about the topic, notes Walker.
He occasionally collaborated with writers established outside the film world (often
novelists or reporters) for several of his screenplays: Terry Southern for Dr.
Strangelove, Arthur C. Clarke for 2001, and Diane Johnson for The Shining.
Geoffrey Cocks believes that Kubrick was also influenced by Ophüls' stories of
thwarted love and a preoccupation with predatory men, while Herr notes that
Kubrick was deeply inspired by G. W. Pabst, who earlier tried but was unable to
adapt Schnitzler's Traumnovelle, the basis of Eyes Wide Shut.
Directing
As a young man, Kubrick was fascinated by the films of Soviet filmmakers such as
Eisenstein and Pudovkin. Kubrick read Pudovkin’s seminal theoretical work, Film
Technique, which argues that editing makes film a unique art form, and it needs to
be employed to manipulate the medium to its fullest. Kubrick recommended this
work to others for years to come. Thomas Nelson describes this book as "the
greatest influence of any single written work on the evolution of [Kubrick's]
private aesthetics".
Kubrick also found the ideas of Constantin Stanislavski to be essential to his
understanding the basics of directing, and gave himself a crash course to learn his
methods. He explained their significance:
The equivalent to Pudovkin's book on film editing is a book oddly enough about
Stanislavsky, not by him: Stanislavsky Directs, by Nikolai M. Gorchakov. It
provides a very detailed and practical description of Stanislavsky at work on
different productions. I would regard it as an essential book for any intending film
director.
Kubrick had cited David Lynch's Eraserhead (1977) as one of his favorite films and
used it as a creative reference during the directing of The Shining.